1.Raw Material Preparation Mix raw materials according to the nutritional needs of the mushroom species (e.g., 78% sawdust, 20% bran, 1% gypsum, 1% lime). Use sawdust from broad-leaved trees (e.g., poplar, birch) and screen out large impurities. Bran must be fresh and free of mold, while corn cobs should be crushed into particles 1/4 to 1/3 the size of a corn kernel for uniform mixing. Use a spiral mixer to blend the materials for 15-20 minutes, ensuring even distribution and consistent nutrition to support mycelium growth.、 2.Bag Formation Use a bagging machine to evenly fill polypropylene bags with the prepared mixture, adjusting weight and compactness as required (e.g., shiitake mushroom bags typically weigh 1.2-3 kg with moderate compactness). After filling, seal the bags with a binding machine to ensure a firm closure, preventing contamination. Machine binding is more efficient and reliable, making it a critical step in the production process. 3.Sterilization Sterilization is crucial and requires strict control of temperature, pressure, and time: Atmospheric Sterilization: Place the mushroom bags in a sterilization chamber, maintaining a temperature of 100°C for 10-12 hours using steam. High-Pressure Sterilization: Sterilize under high temperature and pressure (121°C, 0.1-0.15 MPa) for 2-3 hours. This method is more effective but involves higher equipment costs. After sterilization, allow the bags to cool to a safe temperature before moving to the inoculation stage. 4.Inoculation Inoculation must be performed in a sterile environment. Operators wear sterile clothing and use disinfected tools (e.g., inoculation needles, scoops) to evenly introduce the spawn into holes or onto the surface of the mushroom bags. The inoculation amount depends on the species and bag size (e.g., 10-15 g per bag for enoki mushrooms). The inoculation room is equipped with air filtration systems, UV lamps, and ozone generators to maintain sterility. Pass-through windows facilitate the transfer of materials while minimizing external contamination. 5.Cultivation Place mushroom bags on multi-layer cultivation racks with adequate spacing for ventilation and observation. Adjust the environment based on the mushroom species: Temperature: 22-26°C for shiitake, 20-25°C for king oyster mushrooms. Humidity: Maintain at 60-70% using humidifiers or dehumidifiers. Light: Oyster mushrooms thrive in diffused light, while enoki mushrooms grow better in darkness. Ventilation: Ensure 1-2 air exchanges per hour to meet the oxygen needs of the mycelium. Regularly inspect the growth conditions, and adjust ventilation or environmental parameters if excessive growth or abnormalities are detected, ensuring smooth cultivation progress.

Edible Mushroom Mite Control Technology Optimization About 7 days after sowing edible mushrooms, effective mite control measures should be taken to ensure production quality. The following are detailed methods for mite control: Observation and Detection After covering the substrate with a colored film for 5-10 minutes, closely observe the culture material with a magnifying glass. Once small, flat or oval-shaped, white or yellow mites with multiple bristles are found, immediately take the following measures to eliminate them: 1. Fumigation for Mite Control Soak cotton balls in dichlorvos and place them on the substrate under the bed frame. Cover the bed surface with plastic to allow the fumes from the pesticide to kill the mites. 2. Pesticide Spraying for Mite Control Use the following pesticide solutions for spraying: 50% oxydemeton-methyl 1000 times solution Pyrethrin 1500 times solution Acaricide 500 times solution Alternatively, spraying with 400 times diluted laundry detergent solution can also effectively control mites in 2-3 applications. 3. Rapeseed Cake Attractant for Mite Control Place damp cloths on the infested substrate and scatter freshly roasted rapeseed cake powder on top. When the mites gather on the rapeseed cake powder, remove the cloth and place it in boiling water to kill the mites. 4. Vinegar-Sugar Pesticide Attractant Prepare a vinegar-sugar solution: 1 part acetic acid 1 part water 0.1 part white sugar 1-2 drops of dichlorvos Soak a piece of cloth or cotton in the solution and place it on the substrate. When the mites gather, remove and boil to kill them. Repeat the operation until all mites are eliminated. 5. Fresh Bone Attractant for Mite Control Place fresh pig bones evenly on the affected substrate. When mites gather on the bones, place the bones in boiling water to kill the mites. Repeat several times until the substrate is free of mites. Control Suggestions Prevention First: Keep the culture material and surrounding environment clean to prevent mite infestation. Prompt Action: Take immediate measures once mites are detected to prevent widespread infestation. Safe Operation: When using chemical pesticides, follow the correct dilution ratios to ensure production safety and product quality. By implementing these control measures, mites in the edible mushroom production process can be effectively managed, improving both yield and quality.

As the food processing industry demands higher efficiency and quality, intelligent energy-saving wild mushroom drying machines have emerged as essential tools. These machines utilize precise temperature control and advanced airflow circulation systems to provide efficient and eco-friendly drying solutions. 1. Innovative Technology Enhances Product Quality Equipped with smart control systems, these machines ensure uniform and stable drying by real-time adjustment of temperature and timing. Unlike traditional drying methods, the machines retain the nutritional content and natural flavor of wild mushrooms while minimizing spoilage risks. 2. Energy Efficiency Reduces Production Costs The machines operate with low energy consumption and utilize recirculating airflow technology to significantly reduce drying time. This not only increases efficiency but also reduces labor costs, making it a cost-effective investment for food processors and farmers. 3. Safety and Hygiene Ensure Reliable Production Designed with food safety and operational reliability in mind, the machines feature fire protection and overheat alarms. They prevent overheating or uneven drying, ensuring consistent quality and enhancing production safety. 4. Versatile Applications Meet Diverse Needs Beyond wild mushrooms, these machines are ideal for drying shiitake mushrooms, black fungus, lion’s mane mushrooms, and other edible fungi. They are also widely used in processing medicinal herbs, fruits, and vegetables. Through innovation and energy efficiency, wild mushroom drying machines not only advance food processing modernization but also provide a powerful tool for cost reduction and increased productivity in the industry.

  1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Techniques Preventive Measures (If your area has already been affected by a storm, skip this section): Monitor weather updates closely and prepare essential supplies such as drinking water, food, medicines, and daily necessities to ensure personal and property safety. Before the storm arrives, inspect and reinforce mushroom sheds, clear surrounding drainage ditches, and ensure smooth drainage to prevent flooding inside the sheds. Safeguard materials such as spawn, raw materials, and cultivation bags by moving them to higher ground if necessary to avoid flood damage. Factory-based mushroom enterprises and spawn production facilities should arrange for on-site personnel to ensure electrical and equipment safety, inspect power lines and transformers, and prepare emergency power supplies, water pumps, and backup lighting. If the storm coincides with the outdoor fermentation of compost for button mushrooms, cover the compost with plastic sheeting before the rain and ensure proper drainage. Remove the plastic sheeting afterward to prevent anaerobic fermentation. For high-temperature mushroom varieties, reinforce mushroom sheds and address drainage issues around the area Ensure proper drainage to prevent mushroom cultivation bags from being soaked and contaminated. 2. Post-Disaster Response Maintain Hygiene and Control Pests and Diseases Clear weeds and debris around mushroom farms promptly, disinfect with lime or bleach powder, and manage pests like mushroom flies and contamination using specialized mushroom-safe pest control agents. Clean Flood-Affected Areas Drain standing water, remove mud and debris, and relocate submerged or buried cultivation bags to shaded, ventilated areas. Disinfect the premises with lime, chlorine dioxide, or bleach, ensuring thorough drying and pest control before resuming production.   Mushroom Bag Management Wash submerged or contaminated cultivation bags with clean water, then spray with a lime or bleach solution. Relocate them to dry, ventilated areas for recovery. For bags that absorbed excessive water, puncture small holes in the plastic to release moisture and improve aeration, promoting mycelial recovery. Conduct ventilation during cooler periods to avoid heat stress. For severely damaged bags, reconnect broken sections with bamboo skewers, reposition them on racks, and remove any crushed or contaminated bags promptly to prevent cross-infection. Reprocess Contaminated Spawn Bags For spawn bags submerged shortly after inoculation, open the bags, sun-dry the substrate, and remix with fresh materials to recreate spawn bags. Ensure Cultivation Environment Recovery After cleaning and disinfecting, ensure soil or substrate conditions are restored to optimum levels for further cultivation. By taking these preventive and responsive measures, mushroom farmers can minimize losses during extreme weather events and ensure the sustainability of their operations.

Mushroom production heavily depends on cultivation bags. As the saying goes: "Mushrooms first, bags second, management third." This highlights the importance of bag quality as the foundation of successful mushroom cultivation. However, issues like bag rupture, contamination, uneven substrate adhesion, or poor fruiting often stem from overlooked bag quality and selection, which ultimately impacts mushroom yields. Today, we will discuss how to assess the quality of cultivation bags and share some practical tips for selection.   Methods to Assess Bag Quality 1. Check the Appearance Align the bottom seal and the opening of the bag. If the edges are uneven, the bag is likely handcrafted, which makes it less airtight. On the other hand, machine-sealed bags are evenly aligned and generally offer better airtightness and sealing. 2. Inspect the Heat-Sealing Line If the sealing line is opaque, it indicates manual sealing. Such bags have poor plasticity, are prone to air leakage, and are stiffer, making them more susceptible to breakage. In contrast, machine-sealed lines are transparent, soft, and durable, ensuring over 95% airtightness and reliable sealing. 3. Examine Bag Color and Consistency High-quality bags have a clear, uniform, and smooth appearance. To check thickness, open the bag and feel it by running your hands around in a circle. If you notice uneven thickness or thin spots, the bag is likely to tear easily. 4. Puncture Test with Fingernail Inflate a bag and seal it. Try puncturing it with a fingernail. If the bag does not leak, it indicates good quality. 5. Submersion Test Seal the inflated bag and submerge it in a water basin. If no bubbles appear, the bag is airtight and meets quality standards. Bags with leaks are more prone to contamination during cultivation. 6. Feel the Surface Run your hands over the surface of the bag to check for smoothness. A smooth surface suggests that the bag contains fewer recycled materials, indicating higher quality. 7. Inspect Against Sunlight Hold the bag up to sunlight to check for small black dots. These dots are unmelted particles from recycled materials. If such particles are abundant, avoid using the bag. 8. Stretch Test Cut a strip about 1 cm wide from the bag. Hold both ends of the strip and gently pull to stretch it. The farther it stretches without breaking, the better the bag quality.     Additional Tips There are many ways to evaluate bag quality, but it’s crucial to select cultivation bags from certified manufacturers. Mushroom cultivation is challenging and requires careful attention to every detail. Choosing high-quality cultivation bags is an essential step that should never be overlooked!