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Off-Season High-Shed Flower Mushroom Cultivation (Part 1): Setup & Budding
2026-07-28
High-shed layered cultivation is an efficient planting mode for shiitake mushrooms (flower mushrooms), which effectively boosts fruiting rate and economic benefits. Flower mushrooms are high-quality special deformed shiitake mushrooms formed under specific environments, with better quality featured by more, deeper, wider and whiter cap cracks. The bag-retaining layered cultivation is divided into two types: water-retaining film-covered (no hole cutting needed for natural growth) and film-free (hole cutting required). This cultivation mode includes seasonal and off-season planting. Taking Henan, China as an example, this paper summarizes the core off-season cultivation techniques.
1. Supporting Facility Construction
1.1 Spawning Shed
Built in north-south orientation with standard dimensions (60m long, 11-16m wide, 1.5m side height, 3.8-4.5m arch rise, 2-4m shed spacing). It adopts double-layer plastic films with rock wool or cotton quilts for heat preservation, hollow brick or polystyrene board walls with a side door, and roof-mounted non-powered ventilators for ventilation.
1.2 Mushroom Growing Racks and Spraying Equipment
Growing racks are welded with 12mm threaded steel, designed with 7 layers (0.2m layer height, 0.85m layer width, 0.35-0.40m row spacing), with 5cm steel pipe welded rack heads. Each shed is equipped with 3-4 atomizing sprayers for humidification management.
1.3 Mushroom Growing Shed
Constructed with six-bent stainless steel pipes (58m long, 7.5m wide, 3m high, 1m side pillar height). Internally arranged with 4 rows of mushroom racks and 5 rows of 0.9m-wide operating aisles, holding up to 20,000 mushroom logs. It adopts inner and outer alternating doors for ventilating buffering, and is equipped with continuous shade nets and double-layer arched sheds to optimize off-season cultivation effects.
2. Standard Shelving Management
Shelving is carried out when mushroom logs reach physiological maturity and the temperature stably stays at 17-21℃, mostly on cloudy or cool sunny mornings in August and September. Mushrooms germinate 3-5 days after shelving.
Mature logs are timely unpacked (only outer bags removed for film-covered logs) and placed on racks with 15cm spacing. Logs are placed hierarchically by moisture content: low-moisture logs at the bottom, moderate-moisture ones in the middle, and high-moisture ones on the upper layers for convenient management. For bud-bearing logs, keep buds upward, retain only top and side buds, and remove bottom buds to avoid deformed mushrooms and nutrient waste.
3. Core Bud Induction Technologies
Making full use of consecutive sunny days to induce and mature mushroom buds is the key to high-yield cultivation. First flush bud induction is particularly critical, as it determines the growth state of subsequent flushes. Three mainstream induction methods are adopted:
3.1 Temperature Difference Stimulation
Shiitake mushroom bud formation requires a diurnal temperature difference above 10℃. Cover the shed with thin films in the day to raise the temperature by 3-4℃, and uncover films at night for cooling, maintaining 10-25℃ shed temperature for 3-5 consecutive days to promote budding.
3.2 Water Injection Regulation
Supplement 0.3-0.5kg water per low-moisture log before first flush budding, with injection water temperature at least 5℃ lower than log temperature. Dehumidify and oxygenate over-humid logs to adjust to a reasonable moisture level.
3.3 Mechanical Vibration Stimulation
For logs failing to bud via the above two methods, conduct manual vibration stimulation including moving, turning over and tapping logs. The operation breaks mycelium ends to generate new mycelium and induce mushroom budding.
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Henan Joconn Machinery Co., Ltd. is an enterprise specializing in the production of mushroom equipment. It is engaged in the development, production and application of machinery and equipment for mushroom growth production lines.