What are the raw materials for the factory-based year-round cultivation of straw mushrooms?

What are the raw materials for the factory-based year-round cultivation of straw mushrooms?

The factory-based production of wood-rotting fungi in China has developed rapidly, producing a large amount of mushroom residue. The mushroom residue contains a lot of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as rich mycelium protein, fat, amino acids, minerals and mycelium secondary metabolites, and is a high-quality raw material for the factory-based production of straw mushrooms.

1. Pleurotus eryngii residue

The main raw materials for Pleurotus eryngii cultivation are sawdust, corn cobs, bagasse, cottonseed hulls, bran, rice bran, soybean meal, etc. The nitrogen content of the formula is generally 1.6%~2.0%. During the growth of mycelium and the formation of fruiting bodies, a large amount of nitrogen in the culture medium is absorbed by the mycelium and converted into mycelium protein: after entering the vegetative reproduction stage, part of the nitrogen is transferred to the fruiting body. The total amount of nitrogen in the culture medium is reduced, but Pleurotus eryngii continuously metabolizes to produce C02 during the entire growth cycle, which is released into the air with water, and the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc. in the culture medium are also reduced. The residue at the end of fruiting is a very suitable raw material for cultivating straw mushrooms due to its texture and high nitrogen content.

2. Flammulina velutipes residue

The raw materials for the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes include corn cobs, rice bran, bran, cottonseed hulls, soybean hulls, beer grains, etc., especially corn cobs and rice bran. The entire cultivation process from mixing to the end of mushroom production takes about 55 days. The moisture content of fresh bottle-grown Flammulina velutipes residue is about 50%, and the nitrogen content is 1.2%~1.4%. Its texture is loose, and it almost does not contain mushroom roots and mushroom skins. It is a high-quality raw material for cultivating straw mushrooms. During cultivation, it can be directly fermented and used, or it can be mixed with straw, waste cotton, etc., but try to use fresh Flammulina velutipes residue.

3. Mushroom residue of shimeji mushroom

The cultivation cycle of shimeji  mushroom is relatively long. When pure shimeji  mushroom residue is used for fermentation, it is easy to become compacted and has poor ventilation, which will cause obstacles to the fruiting of straw mushrooms. The fermentation of shiitake mushroom residue with straw, waste cotton, velvet mushroom residue and other materials in proportion can achieve better results. The main reason is that the presence of straw, waste cotton, velvet mushroom residue and other materials provides better porosity for the culture medium, which is conducive to the mycelium to fully utilize the moisture and nutrients of the culture medium during the cultivation process.

4. Pilosa antler mushroom residue

In recent years, with the determination of the production and consumption patterns of ilosa antler mushroom, the ilosa antler mushroom industry has developed rapidly. The main raw materials used for ilosa antler mushroom cultivation are sawdust, corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, bran, rice bran, corn flour and other raw materials. The texture of the mushroom residue after the mushroom is finished is relatively loose. The adhesion between the mushroom residues after fermentation is poor during the cultivation of straw mushrooms. 5% short straw can be added to the formula to effectively increase the air permeability of the formula, and 10% waste cotton can be added to increase the adhesion between the mushroom residues.