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Conditions Required for Shiitake Mushroom Growth and Development
2026-01-12
The growth and development of shiitake mushrooms require suitable nutrients and appropriate environmental conditions, including nutrition, temperature, air, moisture, light, and pH. In production, it is necessary to rationally coordinate various influencing factors according to the environmental requirements of different growth stages of shiitake mushrooms to achieve high and stable yields.
1. Nutritional Conditions
Shiitake mushrooms are wood-rotting fungi, and during their growth and development, they must obtain carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, and vitamins from the substrate. Carbon and nitrogen nutrients are provided by cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, sawdust, straw, wheat bran, rice bran, etc. Other trace elements are contained in culture media such as wheat bran and rice bran, so no additional supplementation is necessary. During the vegetative growth stage of shiitake mushrooms, a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of (25-40):1 is optimal, while during the reproductive growth stage, a ratio of (63-73):1 is more suitable.
(1) Carbon Sources: Shiitake mushroom mycelium can utilize a wide range of carbon sources, including monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose), and polysaccharides (starch). Lignin and cellulose in the culture medium or wood are the most basic carbon sources for shiitake mushrooms. Shiitake mushroom mycelium secretes various enzymes to break down these substances into smaller compounds for utilization.
(2) Nitrogen Sources: Shiitake mushroom mycelium can utilize organic nitrogen (peptone, L-amino acids, urea) and ammonium nitrogen, but cannot utilize nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. In actual production, the nitrogen content of the culture medium can be increased by adding wheat bran, soybean meal, soybean cake powder, etc.
(3) Mineral Elements: The main mineral elements required by shiitake mushrooms include magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, and potassium. In addition, trace elements such as iron, zinc, and manganese can promote the growth of shiitake mushroom mycelium; although the required amount is very small, they are indispensable.
(4) Vitamins: Vitamin B1 is essential for the growth of shiitake mushroom mycelium. The suitable concentration of vitamin B1 for shiitake mushroom mycelium growth is approximately 100 µg per liter of culture medium. Vitamins are abundant in potatoes, rice bran, and wheat bran; therefore, when using these raw materials to prepare the culture medium, it is not necessary to add additional vitamins.
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Henan Joconn Machinery Co., Ltd. is an enterprise specializing in the production of mushroom equipment. It is engaged in the development, production and application of machinery and equipment for mushroom growth production lines.