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Environmental Requirements for Shiitake Mushrooms
2026-01-14
(1) Temperature: Shiitake mushrooms are a type of mushroom that thrives in low and fluctuating temperatures. Under constant temperature conditions, shiitake mushrooms do not form fruiting bodies. The temperature range for mycelial growth is 5-32℃, with the optimal temperature being 23-27℃. The temperature range for primordia differentiation is 8-21℃, with the optimal temperature being 10-12℃. The temperature range for fruiting body development is 5-24℃, with the optimal temperature being 8-16℃.
In actual production, based on the optimal temperature range for primordia differentiation of different shiitake mushroom varieties, they are classified into low-temperature type (5-15℃), medium-temperature type (10-20℃), high-temperature type (15-25℃), and medium-low temperature and medium-high temperature types. For the same variety, within the suitable temperature range, lower temperatures result in slower fruiting body development, shorter stems, thicker flesh, and better quality; while higher temperatures result in faster fruiting body development, longer stems, thinner flesh, and lower quality.
In actual production, based on the optimal temperature range for primordia differentiation of different shiitake mushroom varieties, they are classified into low-temperature type (5-15℃), medium-temperature type (10-20℃), high-temperature type (15-25℃), and medium-low temperature and medium-high temperature types. For the same variety, within the suitable temperature range, lower temperatures result in slower fruiting body development, shorter stems, thicker flesh, and better quality; while higher temperatures result in faster fruiting body development, longer stems, thinner flesh, and lower quality.
(2) Moisture: Moisture is an important material basis for the life activities of shiitake mushrooms. The moisture required for the growth and development of shiitake mushrooms includes two aspects: the water content in the culture medium and the relative humidity of the growing environment. Shiitake mushrooms have different moisture requirements at different developmental stages. During the mycelial growth stage, the optimal water content of the sawdust culture medium is 55%-65%, and in log cultivation, it is 35%-40%. During the fruiting body growth stage, a water content of about 60% in the culture medium and a relative humidity of about 80%-90% are ideal. If the water content of the culture medium is too high, the resulting shiitake mushrooms will have dark brown, waterlogged caps, soft texture, and be prone to decay, resulting in low commercial value; if the water content is appropriate, high-quality, thick mushrooms can be cultivated; if the water content in the culture medium is low, and the relative humidity is low during the day and high at night, and the temperature is high during the day and low at night, then mushrooms with short stems, thick flesh, light-colored caps, and cracks can be cultivated.
(3) Air: Shiitake mushrooms are aerobic fungi, and sufficient fresh air is one of the important environmental conditions to ensure the normal growth and development of shiitake mushrooms. When air circulation is poor, oxygen is insufficient, and carbon dioxide accumulates excessively, both mycelial growth and fruiting body development will be significantly inhibited. When oxygen is deficient, the mycelium can temporarily maintain life through glycolysis, but this consumes a large amount of nutrients, leading to premature aging and death of the mycelium, inhibited fruiting body development, and a tendency to produce deformed mushrooms.
(4) Light: The vegetative growth stage of shiitake mushroom mycelium does not require light; the mycelium grows well in complete darkness, and strong light inhibits mycelial growth. Under strong light stimulation, the mycelium will form a brown mycelial film, and sometimes even induce premature primordia formation.However, diffused light of appropriate intensity is necessary for the development of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies. Fruiting bodies do not form in complete darkness, and even if they do, they are mostly deformed. In a suitable light environment, the resulting fruiting bodies have dark caps, thick flesh, short stems, and excellent quality. Too little light results in fewer mushrooms, smaller mushrooms, thin and long stems, and lower quality. It should be noted that direct sunlight is harmful to the development of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies; as the light intensity increases, the number of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies decreases.
(5) pH: Shiitake mushroom mycelium requires a slightly acidic environment for growth and development. It can grow in a culture medium with a pH of 3-7, with a pH of 5-6 being optimal. During mycelial growth, organic acids such as acetic acid, succinic acid, and oxalic acid are produced, which lowers the pH of the culture medium, thereby promoting the formation and development of fruiting bodies. The optimal pH for primordia formation and fruiting body development is 3.5-4.5.
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Henan Joconn Machinery Co., Ltd. is an enterprise specializing in the production of mushroom equipment. It is engaged in the development, production and application of machinery and equipment for mushroom growth production lines.