How to manage the temperature, humidity, air, and light during the budding stage of Flammulina velutipes cultivated in factories?

How to manage the temperature, humidity, air, and light during the budding stage of Flammulina velutipes cultivated in factories?

Temperature management
The formation and growth stage of the fruiting body of Flammulina velutipes requires a relatively low temperature. Fruiting bodies can be formed at 5-20℃, and the optimum temperature is 12-15℃. At 13℃, the fruiting bodies differentiate fastest and form a larger number. Within a certain range, when the temperature is low, the fruiting bodies grow strong and have good quality; when the temperature is high, the fruiting bodies are weak, the stalks are thin, the quality is poor, and the shelf life is short. At present, enterprises cultivating Flammulina velutipes in factories generally set the temperature at 13-15℃ during the budding process.

 Humidity management
After the mushroom bottle is scratched, since the surface of the new culture medium is exposed, it is necessary to use an ultrasonic humidifier and an automatic humidifier to humidify it in time (the water should be magnetized water) to increase the relative humidity of the air to 85%-90% to prevent the surface from drying out and affecting the recovery of mycelium growth. If the humidity is too low, the aerial mycelium will be too dense, but the humidity should not exceed 90%. If the humidity is too high, a large number of dark brown droplets will appear at the bottom of the primordium, causing diseases and infection by other bacteria. Some factory-based Flammulina velutipes cultivation companies raise the humidity to 95% during the bud induction process. Water vapor forms dew on the surface of the new culture medium that has not yet grown mycelium, causing local infection of the material surface with other bacteria, resulting in unnecessary losses.

Air management
Flammulina velutipes is an aerobic fungus. Especially in the reproductive growth stage, the mycelium respires vigorously. The increase in CO2 content in the fruiting room can easily lead to insufficient oxygen, decreased mycelium activity, and affect the formation of mushroom buds. Therefore, during the bud induction process, the ventilation volume of the fruiting room should be increased, with a carbon dioxide concentration of 0.2%~0.3%, and the ventilation fan should be turned on for about 5 minutes every 1 hour. At present, enterprises that cultivate chemical plants should deal with the contradiction between ventilation and moisture retention during the bud induction process. They should prevent ventilation from being too frequent, resulting in the temperature of the room not reaching 85%, the surface of the culture medium being dry, the aerial hyphae growing too long, affecting the formation of primordia, and causing uneven mushroom production; they should also prevent poor ventilation and excessive air humidity, which will cause the aerial hyphae to grow too long.

 Light management
Flammulina velutipes is a photophobic fungus. It cannot form fruiting body primordia in completely dark conditions. Weak light can promote the formation of fruiting body primordia. Generally, light stimulation is carried out 3 days after the fungus bottle is transported to the bud induction room. The light intensity is controlled at 50~100lx. Supplementing light for 12 hours a day can meet the light demand for the bud induction process. After 3~4 days of light, stop lighting when mushroom buds are seen on the surface of the material. The problem in the bud induction process is that some manufacturers believe that light stimulation is not required for the bud induction process and do not provide light conditions. Some manufacturers believe that the mycelium of Flammulina velutipes can be fully illuminated, so they provide overly strong light to irradiate the bacteria bottles. These wrong practices are caused by a lack of understanding of the biological characteristics of Flammulina velutipes.