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What are the processes for artificial cultivation of black fungus?
Cultivation Process
The cultivation process includes:Substrate mixing → Bag filling → Sterilization → Cooling → Inoculation → Incubation → Post-ripening → Perforation → colonization → Primordia induction → Fruiting management → Harvesting → Resting phase management → Second harvest.
The preparation of black fungus cultivation sticks (substrate bags) is similar to that used for most wood-decaying edible and medicinal mushrooms.
Substrate Formula
Formula 1: 88% sawdust, 8% wheat bran, 2% soybean meal, 1% gypsum, 1% lime.
Formula 2: 90% sawdust, 6% wheat bran, 2% soybean meal, 1% gypsum, 0.5% lime, 0.5% light calcium carbonate.
Mixing
Prepare materials according to the formula. Mix dry for 8 minutes, then add water and mix for at least 30 minutes until even. The final substrate moisture should be 55%–59%, and pH should be 7–8 (dropping to 6.2–6.5 after sterilization).
Bag Filling
Use low-pressure polyethylene bags with a folded diameter of 16 cm. A fully automatic filling machine completes bag filling, hole shaping, stick insertion, loading into crates, flipping, and shelving. Each substrate bag (cultivation stick) is 22 cm high, weighs 1,400–1,450 g, with a tight, smooth seal and uniform shape. Bags are transferred via conveyor and flipping systems to the shelving unit, monitored by staff.
Shelving and Loading into Sterilizer
Shelving machines push crates into the sterilization racks, which are then transferred by forklift into a high-pressure autoclave for sterilization.
Sterilization
Vacuum pressure sterilization is used, following a multi-phase temperature program: First stage: 98–102°C, hold for 30 minutes
Second stage: 110–115°C, hold for 15 minutes Final stage: 121°C for 90 minutes. Atmospheric sterilization is also used in some cases.
Cooling
After sterilization, substrate sticks are moved to a buffer room equipped with primary and medium-efficiency air filters to cool down, then transferred to a strong cooling room.
Inoculation
Before inoculation, workers must follow sterile procedures: wear sterile clothing, caps, masks, and shoes, pass through an air shower, and prepare materials in advance. The inoculation room must have HEPA filters, and the inoculation machine should be positioned directly below a HEPA unit to maintain Class 100 cleanliness. The room should maintain positive pressure, with airflow directed from the inoculation room to the staging area. See the "Spawn" section for reference.
Key points:During inoculation, the temperature of the cultivation stick should be controlled at 25~30℃, and the inoculation volume of the liquid culture should be controlled at 25~30 ml to prevent the bacterial liquid from spraying out of the bag. The sponge plug should be inserted into the inoculation hole about 5 mm. During inoculation, the inoculation volume should be measured every 30 minutes, and the inoculation gun should be disinfected with 75% alcohol.
Procedure:
Adjust spawn tank pressure to 0.05–0.1 MPa. Open the valve, purge the line, check the injection volume, and begin inoculation once the volume is accurate.
Shelving
After inoculation, substrate bags are transferred to a cultivation room connected to the sterile area. Label each rack with bagging date, inoculation time, strain, tank number, and inoculation line number.
Henan Joconn Machinery Co., Ltd. is an enterprise specializing in the production of mushroom equipment. It is engaged in the development, production and application of machinery and equipment for mushroom growth production lines.